Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism
3 theories of teaching!!!
Education 2700
2/28/13
The three Theories
1)
Behaviorism:
The observation and measurable aspects of human
behavior.
2)
Cognitivism:
Using one’s mind to help store memories and turn them into long-term memory.
3)
Constructivism:
Enhancing one’s knowledge by being active.
Behaviorism
is tied back to one, of many psychologist, who goes by the name of John Watson . Watson studied the multiple
behaviors of animals. He was fascinated by the stimulus-response of different
reactions in multiple cases.
“To predict,
given the stimulus, what reaction will take place; or, given the reaction, state
what the situation or stimulus is that has caused the reaction” (1930, p. 11).
- See more at: http://www.simplypsychology.org/behaviorism.html#sthash.GfHnUKUl.dpuf. In
most cases Watson wanted people to know that a person’s behavior could be
controlled due to the actions taken to make someone react differently to
anything. Between the years of 1919 and 1920, Watson did an experiment on an
infant by the name of Albert B. Watson. When Albert was a baby he was placed in
front of a lab rat. He wasn’t afraid to touch the rat until Watson clanged a
piece of medal with a hammer behind Albert’s head. This action caused Albert to
cry and react differently. Down the road, when the infant was older, Watson set
up the same experiment with the rat and the sound coming from the medal. In this
case, Albert displayed the same behavior as before when he was an infant. Now
every time Albert was anywhere near the rat or any other stuffed/furry like
animal he would be afraid of the noise that would soon come. In similar
situations, behaviorism is tied into video games. Multiple games that involve a
character to go through a puzzle, tend to create the image that there is only
one way to complete it. Players tend to run into dead ends and soon get the
understanding that they can’t go that way. Or another example would be running
into a room with pressured tile floors. Each tile is a different color but with
similar symbols on them. You constantly step on the wrong tile and get the
reaction of losing or hearing a loud bell go off. The player soon learns to
stay away from tiles of that similar nature and try to take a different
approach. Which then leads to helping players keep situations like those,
stored into their long term memory.
Cognitivism (learning theory) is the
theory of how and why people learn by applying the process to cognitive
activity. The cognitivist revolution
replaced behaviorism in 1960s as the dominant paradigm. Cognitivism focuses on
the inner mental activities – opening the “black box” of the human mind is
valuable and necessary for understanding how people learn. Mental processes such
as thinking, memory, knowing, and problem-solving need to be explored. - See
more at: http://www.learning-theories.com/cognitivism.html#sthash.YPnQWmbi.dpuf.
It’s
stated that Cognitive scientist believed that behaviorist’s theories had no
account on what was going in the mind verses reactions. They believed that
reactions from stimulus was completely different from the reactions and
memories that go on throughout the human brain. Cognitivism relates more to the
teachings and learning from teacher to student. A more logical experience would
be the use and teaching of math that is taught throughout school. As a person
who attends school or even learns math soon uses those lessons in their near
future. The people who practice math tend to store the lessons into their
memory to later use the next time it’s appropriate. Instead of students
reacting to what happens when they get a right or wrong answer, their thoughts
are more focused on the knowledge in their mind that led them to find the
answer in the first place. Cognitivist believe that the memories and long term
thoughts are the reason most people are successful today, because their able to
apply what they’ve learned and turn that into something more advanced.
Something more experienced that only the training of the mind on a subject
could achieve. With multiple studies people are able to learn more and more by
keeping their mind active on the subject ahead. Opening a gate way to allowing
the brain to know the unknown.
Constructivism relates to the being of creating a stronger mind
by being active mentally. Many games have constructivism involved because it
helped students learn at a more, rapid pace because of their involvement that
seems fun. Applying constructivist principles to educational
game-based learning activities yields an approach that puts students in the
role of active learners and content creators. http://blog.wsd.net/jreeve/constructivism-and-its-application-to-game-based-learning-activities/.
Some students are more encouraged to learn in the gaming based
teaching environment, because it’s more engaging and productive for the student.
Compared to learning from a teacher hands on, which is utterly boring in my
opinion, to learning from a video is a far more encouraging. Students have a
great time and are also awarded with achievements for completing a lesson. This
type of learning keeps your brain massively active and engaged with the programs
teaching. Having the brain active with learning enhances the mind to want to
learn more. Also the brain is able to store memory more productively because
it’s being taught the same base teachings just in different perspectives. Which
also relates to Cognitivism because the learning becomes stored in a humans
brain as long-term memory. Of all the theories of learning and teaching,
Cognitivism seems to win the discussion of which is more productive. Reason is
because the brain tends to use the memory of things that it has been taught in
the near future for different uses. Unlike Behaviorism, which speaks for itself,
reactions can’t determine how the brain works. Just because a person reacts to
something differently doesn’t mean their brains portrays that message. It’s more
based on instincts instead of knowledge that the brain has developed. Overall,
Cognitivism has a more vivid image on the brain and a more advanced explanation
of how everyone is involved in learning. It’s all in your mind basically.
Since teachers are always trying to get their students involved
in class, especially an online class, there are multiple directions that could
be taken. Because gaming plays a major role in the industry of learning, I don’t
see any other reason why a learning game wouldn’t be involved. But not just any
game, picture a game where you create a character and play across the world with
other players from different nations. The key objective would be to conquer the
key to ultimate knowledge. Battle against other geniuses who possibly might know
more than them or even team up with them to all learn the same thing. Based off
real history and events, anyone of any age could learn a thing or two. If that
doesn’t work, a class scavenger hunt always does the trick. A basic set up of
leading students to a website to answer puzzled questions for the next key. Gets
students involved and also allows groups/teams to put their heads together to
accomplish the goal that lies ahead. Anything that gets students involved and
interacting with one another not only teaches them about the subject, but to
respect one another not only as people, but as friends, family, and or
teammates. On the contrary, some social sites are great ways to help share
information and even exchange what someone knows for what they didn’t. For
example, using twitter to let others know about something they never knew about.
Thus creating people to follow. When those people follow, then they tell others
they know about this exciting and informational group of people that share
knowledge. Later getting people more involved, possibly those around the world.
Giving the opportunity for anyone and everyone the ability to learn and teach
each other different aspects of subjects that would’ve probably never even knew
about. Knowledge is a powerful and loving thing. Creates gate ways for anyone
willing to accept what’s going on around them and create a better future from
past learned history. Since our brains store so much memory we’re able to create
a better and brighter world, all thanks to the cognitivist who explained what
Cognitivism really meant.
2/28/13
The three Theories
1)
Behaviorism:
The observation and measurable aspects of human
behavior.
2)
Cognitivism:
Using one’s mind to help store memories and turn them into long-term memory.
3)
Constructivism:
Enhancing one’s knowledge by being active.
Behaviorism
is tied back to one, of many psychologist, who goes by the name of John Watson . Watson studied the multiple
behaviors of animals. He was fascinated by the stimulus-response of different
reactions in multiple cases.
“To predict,
given the stimulus, what reaction will take place; or, given the reaction, state
what the situation or stimulus is that has caused the reaction” (1930, p. 11).
- See more at: http://www.simplypsychology.org/behaviorism.html#sthash.GfHnUKUl.dpuf. In
most cases Watson wanted people to know that a person’s behavior could be
controlled due to the actions taken to make someone react differently to
anything. Between the years of 1919 and 1920, Watson did an experiment on an
infant by the name of Albert B. Watson. When Albert was a baby he was placed in
front of a lab rat. He wasn’t afraid to touch the rat until Watson clanged a
piece of medal with a hammer behind Albert’s head. This action caused Albert to
cry and react differently. Down the road, when the infant was older, Watson set
up the same experiment with the rat and the sound coming from the medal. In this
case, Albert displayed the same behavior as before when he was an infant. Now
every time Albert was anywhere near the rat or any other stuffed/furry like
animal he would be afraid of the noise that would soon come. In similar
situations, behaviorism is tied into video games. Multiple games that involve a
character to go through a puzzle, tend to create the image that there is only
one way to complete it. Players tend to run into dead ends and soon get the
understanding that they can’t go that way. Or another example would be running
into a room with pressured tile floors. Each tile is a different color but with
similar symbols on them. You constantly step on the wrong tile and get the
reaction of losing or hearing a loud bell go off. The player soon learns to
stay away from tiles of that similar nature and try to take a different
approach. Which then leads to helping players keep situations like those,
stored into their long term memory.
Cognitivism (learning theory) is the
theory of how and why people learn by applying the process to cognitive
activity. The cognitivist revolution
replaced behaviorism in 1960s as the dominant paradigm. Cognitivism focuses on
the inner mental activities – opening the “black box” of the human mind is
valuable and necessary for understanding how people learn. Mental processes such
as thinking, memory, knowing, and problem-solving need to be explored. - See
more at: http://www.learning-theories.com/cognitivism.html#sthash.YPnQWmbi.dpuf.
It’s
stated that Cognitive scientist believed that behaviorist’s theories had no
account on what was going in the mind verses reactions. They believed that
reactions from stimulus was completely different from the reactions and
memories that go on throughout the human brain. Cognitivism relates more to the
teachings and learning from teacher to student. A more logical experience would
be the use and teaching of math that is taught throughout school. As a person
who attends school or even learns math soon uses those lessons in their near
future. The people who practice math tend to store the lessons into their
memory to later use the next time it’s appropriate. Instead of students
reacting to what happens when they get a right or wrong answer, their thoughts
are more focused on the knowledge in their mind that led them to find the
answer in the first place. Cognitivist believe that the memories and long term
thoughts are the reason most people are successful today, because their able to
apply what they’ve learned and turn that into something more advanced.
Something more experienced that only the training of the mind on a subject
could achieve. With multiple studies people are able to learn more and more by
keeping their mind active on the subject ahead. Opening a gate way to allowing
the brain to know the unknown.
Constructivism relates to the being of creating a stronger mind
by being active mentally. Many games have constructivism involved because it
helped students learn at a more, rapid pace because of their involvement that
seems fun. Applying constructivist principles to educational
game-based learning activities yields an approach that puts students in the
role of active learners and content creators. http://blog.wsd.net/jreeve/constructivism-and-its-application-to-game-based-learning-activities/.
Some students are more encouraged to learn in the gaming based
teaching environment, because it’s more engaging and productive for the student.
Compared to learning from a teacher hands on, which is utterly boring in my
opinion, to learning from a video is a far more encouraging. Students have a
great time and are also awarded with achievements for completing a lesson. This
type of learning keeps your brain massively active and engaged with the programs
teaching. Having the brain active with learning enhances the mind to want to
learn more. Also the brain is able to store memory more productively because
it’s being taught the same base teachings just in different perspectives. Which
also relates to Cognitivism because the learning becomes stored in a humans
brain as long-term memory. Of all the theories of learning and teaching,
Cognitivism seems to win the discussion of which is more productive. Reason is
because the brain tends to use the memory of things that it has been taught in
the near future for different uses. Unlike Behaviorism, which speaks for itself,
reactions can’t determine how the brain works. Just because a person reacts to
something differently doesn’t mean their brains portrays that message. It’s more
based on instincts instead of knowledge that the brain has developed. Overall,
Cognitivism has a more vivid image on the brain and a more advanced explanation
of how everyone is involved in learning. It’s all in your mind basically.
Since teachers are always trying to get their students involved
in class, especially an online class, there are multiple directions that could
be taken. Because gaming plays a major role in the industry of learning, I don’t
see any other reason why a learning game wouldn’t be involved. But not just any
game, picture a game where you create a character and play across the world with
other players from different nations. The key objective would be to conquer the
key to ultimate knowledge. Battle against other geniuses who possibly might know
more than them or even team up with them to all learn the same thing. Based off
real history and events, anyone of any age could learn a thing or two. If that
doesn’t work, a class scavenger hunt always does the trick. A basic set up of
leading students to a website to answer puzzled questions for the next key. Gets
students involved and also allows groups/teams to put their heads together to
accomplish the goal that lies ahead. Anything that gets students involved and
interacting with one another not only teaches them about the subject, but to
respect one another not only as people, but as friends, family, and or
teammates. On the contrary, some social sites are great ways to help share
information and even exchange what someone knows for what they didn’t. For
example, using twitter to let others know about something they never knew about.
Thus creating people to follow. When those people follow, then they tell others
they know about this exciting and informational group of people that share
knowledge. Later getting people more involved, possibly those around the world.
Giving the opportunity for anyone and everyone the ability to learn and teach
each other different aspects of subjects that would’ve probably never even knew
about. Knowledge is a powerful and loving thing. Creates gate ways for anyone
willing to accept what’s going on around them and create a better future from
past learned history. Since our brains store so much memory we’re able to create
a better and brighter world, all thanks to the cognitivist who explained what
Cognitivism really meant.